I. Core Material Composition
1. Theem nyuaj: Tungsten Carbide (WC)
- Qhov Loj LojYog ': 70-95%
- Cov khoom tseem ceeb: Exhibits ultra-siab hardness thiab hnav tsis kam, nrog Vickers hardness ≥1400 HV.
- Kev cuam tshuam ntawm Grain Size:
- Coarse nplej (3-8μm): High toughness thiab impact resistance, haum rau formations nrog gravel los yog nyuaj interlayers.
- Fine / Ultrafine Grain (0.2-2μm): Txhim kho hardness thiab hnav tsis kam, zoo tagnrho rau abrasive formations zoo li quartz sandstone.
2. Binder Phase: Cobalt (Co) lossis Nickel (Ni)
- Qhov Loj Loj: 5-30%, ua raws li "metallic nplaum" rau daim ntawv cog lus tungsten carbide hais thiab muab cov tawv tawv.
- Hom thiab yam ntxwv:
- Cobalt-Based (Kev xaiv Mainstream):
- Qhov zoo: Lub zog muaj zog ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, zoo thermal conductivity, thiab superior txhua yam khoom siv.
- Daim Ntawv Thov: Feem ntau cov qauv tsim thiab kub kub (cobalt tseem ruaj khov hauv qab 400 ° C).
- Nickel-raws li (Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb):
- Qhov zoo: Muaj zog corrosion kuj (resistant H₂S, CO₂, thiab high-salinity drilling kua).
- Daim ntawv thov: Acidic gas teb, offshore platforms, thiab lwm yam corrosive ib puag ncig.
- Cobalt-Based (Kev xaiv Mainstream):
3. Additives (Micro-Level Optimization)
- Chromium Carbide (Cr₃C₂): Txhim kho oxidation tsis kam thiab txo binder theem poob nyob rau hauv high-temperature tej yam kev mob.
- Tantalum Carbide (TaC) / Niobium Carbide (NbC): Inhibits grain loj hlob thiab txhim khu kev kub-kub hardness.
II. Yog vim li cas xaiv tungsten Carbide Hardmetal
| Kev ua tau zoo | Advantage Description |
|---|---|
| Hnav Resistance | Hardness thib ob tsuas yog pob zeb diamond, resistant rau yaig los ntawm abrasive hais xws li quartz xuab zeb (hnav tus nqi 10+ zaus qis dua hlau). |
| Impact Resistance | Toughness los ntawm cobalt / npib tsib xee binder theem tiv thaiv fragmentation los ntawm downhole vibrations thiab me ntsis bouncing (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog coarse-grain + high-cobalt formulations). |
| Kub-kub Stability | Tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub hauv qab ntawm 300-500 ° C (cobalt-based alloys muaj qhov ntsuas kub ntawm ~ 500 ° C). |
| Corrosion Resistance | Nickel-raws li alloys tiv thaiv corrosion los ntawm sulfur-muaj cov dej drilling, txuas ntxiv kev pab cuam lub neej nyob rau hauv acidic ib puag ncig. |
| Nqi-zoo | Tus nqi qis dua pob zeb diamond / cubic boron nitride, nrog rau kev pab cuam lub neej 20-50 npaug ntawm cov hlau nozzles, muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo tag nrho. |
III. Kev sib piv nrog lwm cov ntaub ntawv
| Hom khoom | Qhov tsis zoo | Daim ntawv thov Scenario |
|---|---|---|
| Pob zeb diamond (PCD / PDC) | Siab brittleness, tsis zoo cuam tshuam; kim heev (~ 100x ntawm tungsten carbide). | Tsis tshua muaj siv rau nozzles; Qee lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv qhov kev sim abrasive heev. |
| Cubic Boron Nitride (PCBN) | Zoo kub kuj tab sis tsis tshua muaj toughness; kim. | Ultra-deep high-temperature hard formations (non-mainstream). |
| Ceramics (Al₂O₃/Si₃N₄) | High hardness tab sis tseem ceeb brittleness; tsis zoo thermal shock kuj. | Nyob rau hauv lub lab validation theem, tseem tsis tau lag luam scaled. |
| Siab zog steel | Kev hnav tsis zoo, kev ua haujlwm luv luv. | Cov khoom qis kawg lossis cov kev xaiv ib ntus. |
IV. Technical Evolution Cov Lus Qhia
1. Khoom siv optimization
- Nanocrystalline Tungsten Carbide: Grain loj <200nm, hardness nce 20% yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam toughness (xws li Sandvik Hyperion™ series).
- Functionally Graded Structure: High-hardness fine-grain WC on the nozzle deg, high-toughness coarse-grain + high-cobalt core, balancing wear and fracture resistance.
2. Kev ua kom muaj zog saum npoo
- Pob zeb diamond txheej (CVD): 2–5μm zaj duab xis nce qhov tawv tawv mus rau> 6000 HV, txuas lub neej los ntawm 3-5x (30% tus nqi nce).
- Laser Cladding: WC-Co cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg tso rau ntawm qhov chaw tsis muaj zog nozzle los txhim kho kev hnav tsis kam.
3. Additive Manufacturing
- 3D-Printed tungsten carbide: Ua kom muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm txoj kab sib txuas (piv txwv li, Venturi cov qauv) los txhim kho hydraulic efficiency.
V. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau kev xaiv cov khoom siv
| Cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm | Cov ntaub ntawv pom zoo |
|---|---|
| High abrasive formations | Fine / ultrafine-grain WC + nruab nrab-qis cobalt (6-8%) |
| Kev cuam tshuam / vibration-nrhiav ntu | Coarse-grain WC + high cobalt (10-13%) los yog graded qauv |
| Acid (H₂S/CO₂) ib puag ncig | Nickel-based binder + Cr₃C₂ additive |
| Qhov dej tob tob (> 150 ° C) | Cobalt-raws li alloy + TaC / NbC additives (tsis txhob npib tsib xee-raws li tsis muaj zog-kub kub) |
| Nqi-sensitive tej yaam num | Standard medium-grain WC + 9% cobalt |
Xaus
- Kev ua lag luam Dominance: Tungsten carbide hardmetal (WC-Co/WC-Ni) yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, suav txog> 95% ntawm lub ntiaj teb laum me ntsis nozzle kev lag luam.
- Performance Core: Adaptability rau qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sib tw los ntawm kev hloov hauv WC grain loj, cobalt / npib tsib xee piv, thiab additives.
- Kev hloov tsis tau: Tseem yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ntsuas qhov hnav tsis kam, tawv, thiab tus nqi, nrog cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis (nanocrystallization, txheej txheej) txuas ntxiv nthuav dav nws thaj tsam daim ntawv thov.
Post lub sij hawm: Jun-03-2025
